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README updates
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Instructions and scripts to build LFS (Linux From Scratch), version 10.1, as sim
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First, this guide does not replace reading the whole LFS book. I highly recommend that you read it at least once. Only then you should use the automation scripts provided here.
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This build will be accomplished inside a virtual machine. I'll be using Oracle VirtualBox, but you can use the tool of your personal preference. I'm running an Arch Linux VM, feel free to use your GNU/Linux distribution of choice. Just be sure to install the development tools available (base-devel package on Arch).
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This build will be accomplished inside a Fedora release 34 machine.
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My VM has two virtual hard disks: one for the host (Arch Linux itself) and another for building LFS. You could also use a single hard disk with two partitions, that's also up to personal taste. I've decided to use two separate hard disks so I can completely isolate LFS from the host after the build. At the end, you'll be able to create a separate VM and boot from it directly.
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# lfs-scripts :penguin:
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Instructions and scripts to build LFS (Linux From Scratch), version 10.1, as simply as possible (I know, not that simple, but anyway).
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# Foreword
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First, this guide does not replace reading the whole LFS book. I highly recommend that you read it at least once. Only then you should use the automation scripts provided here.
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This build will be accomplished inside a virtual machine. I'll be using Oracle VirtualBox, but you can use the tool of your personal preference. I'm running an Arch Linux VM, feel free to use your GNU/Linux distribution of choice. Just be sure to install the development tools available (base-devel package on Arch).
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My VM has two virtual hard disks: one for the host (Arch Linux itself) and another for building LFS. You could also use a single hard disk with two partitions, that's also up to personal taste. I've decided to use two separate hard disks so I can completely isolate LFS from the host after the build. At the end, you'll be able to create a separate VM and boot from it directly.
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The packages needed to build LFS were downloaded from [here](http://ftp.lfs-matrix.net/pub/lfs/lfs-packages/lfs-packages-10.0.tar) (423 MB), other mirrors are available [here](http://linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/download.html) (look for the "LFS HTTP/FTP Sites" section at the bottom, the file you need is lfs-packages-10.0.tar).
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# Build instructions
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:point_right: Run commands below as root.
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Create a partition and a filesystem in the virtual hard disk (/dev/sdb):
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```
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fdisk /dev/sdb
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```
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Use the following basic options: n- new partition, accept the default values, w- write changes
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Create a filesystem, a mount point, and mount it:
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```
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mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
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mkdir /mnt/lfs
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mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/lfs
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```
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Add the following line to root's .bashrc:
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```
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export LFS=/mnt/lfs
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```
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Source the file:
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```
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source .bashrc
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```
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Download all the packages and extract them to $LFS/sources. The tcl package must be renamed in order to work with the scripts that will follow.
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```
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cd $LFS
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cp /<location_of_the_package>/lfs-packages-10.0.tar .
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tar xf lfs-packages-10.0.tar
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mv 10.0 sources
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chmod -v a+wt $LFS/sources
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mv $LFS/sources/tcl8.6.10-src.tar.gz $LFS/sources/tcl8.6.10.tar.gz
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```
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Copy all the shell scripts from this repository to your $LFS directory:
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```
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cp /<location_of_the_scripts>/*.sh $LFS
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```
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Create the basic filesystem for LFS:
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```
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mkdir -pv $LFS/{bin,etc,lib,sbin,usr,var,lib64,tools}
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```
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Create the lfs user, used during the initial build process (you will have to type a password):
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```
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groupadd lfs
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useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs
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passwd lfs
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```
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Make lfs own the entire filesystem:
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```
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chown -R lfs:lfs $LFS/*
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chown lfs:lfs $LFS
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```
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Login as the lfs user:
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```
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su - lfs
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```
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:point_right: Run commands below as lfs.
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Create a .bash_profile file:
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```
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cat > ~/.bash_profile << "EOF"
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exec env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' /bin/bash
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EOF
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```
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Create a .bashrc file:
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```
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cat > ~/.bashrc << "EOF"
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set +h
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umask 022
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LFS=/mnt/lfs
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LC_ALL=POSIX
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LFS_TGT=$(uname -m)-lfs-linux-gnu
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PATH=/usr/bin
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if [ ! -L /bin ]; then PATH=/bin:$PATH; fi
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PATH=$LFS/tools/bin:$PATH
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export LFS LC_ALL LFS_TGT PATH
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EOF
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source ~/.bashrc
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```
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Run the lfs-cross.sh script, which will build the cross-toolchain and cross compiling temporary tools from chapters 5 and 6:
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```
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sh $LFS/lfs-cross.sh | tee $LFS/lfs-cross.log
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```
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Return to being root:
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```
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exit
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```
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:point_right: Run commands below as root.
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Make root own the entire filesystem again:
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```
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chown -R root:root $LFS/*
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chown root:root $LFS
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```
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Prepare virtual kernel file systems:
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```
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mkdir -pv $LFS/{dev,proc,sys,run}
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mknod -m 600 $LFS/dev/console c 5 1
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mknod -m 666 $LFS/dev/null c 1 3
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mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev
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mount -v --bind /dev/pts $LFS/dev/pts
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mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
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mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
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mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run
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if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
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mkdir -pv $LFS/$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm)
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fi
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```
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Enter the chroot environment:
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```
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chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i \
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HOME=/root \
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TERM="$TERM" \
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PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w\$ ' \
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PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \
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/bin/bash --login +h
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```
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Create essential directories, files and symlinks:
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```
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mkdir -pv /{boot,home,mnt,opt,srv}
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mkdir -pv /etc/{opt,sysconfig}
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mkdir -pv /lib/firmware
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mkdir -pv /media/{floppy,cdrom}
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mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
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mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
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mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
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mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
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mkdir -pv /var/{cache,local,log,mail,opt,spool}
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mkdir -pv /var/lib/{color,misc,locate}
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ln -sfv /run /var/run
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ln -sfv /run/lock /var/lock
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install -dv -m 0750 /root
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install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp
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ln -sv /proc/self/mounts /etc/mtab
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echo "127.0.0.1 localhost $(hostname)" > /etc/hosts
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cat > /etc/passwd << "EOF"
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root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
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bin:x:1:1:bin:/dev/null:/bin/false
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daemon:x:6:6:Daemon User:/dev/null:/bin/false
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messagebus:x:18:18:D-Bus Message Daemon User:/var/run/dbus:/bin/false
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nobody:x:99:99:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/bin/false
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EOF
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cat > /etc/group << "EOF"
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root:x:0:
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bin:x:1:daemon
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sys:x:2:
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kmem:x:3:
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tape:x:4:
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tty:x:5:
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daemon:x:6:
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floppy:x:7:
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disk:x:8:
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lp:x:9:
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dialout:x:10:
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audio:x:11:
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video:x:12:
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utmp:x:13:
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usb:x:14:
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cdrom:x:15:
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adm:x:16:
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messagebus:x:18:
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input:x:24:
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mail:x:34:
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kvm:x:61:
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wheel:x:97:
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nogroup:x:99:
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users:x:999:
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EOF
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touch /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,faillog,wtmp}
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chgrp -v utmp /var/log/lastlog
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chmod -v 664 /var/log/lastlog
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chmod -v 600 /var/log/btmp
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exec /bin/bash --login +h
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```
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Run the lfs-chroot.sh script, which will build additional temporary tools:
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```
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sh /lfs-chroot.sh | tee /lfs-chroot.log
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```
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Cleanup before the final build phase:
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```
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find /usr/{lib,libexec} -name \*.la -delete
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rm -rf /usr/share/{info,man,doc}/*
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```
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For the final build phase, run the lfs-system.sh script:
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```
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sh /lfs-system.sh | tee /lfs-system.log
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```
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You must now set a password for the root user (you will have to type a password):
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```
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passwd root
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```
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Logout from the chroot environment and re-enter it with updated configuration:
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```
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logout
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chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i \
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HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" \
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PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w\$ ' \
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PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \
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/bin/bash --login
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```
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Run the final script to configure the rest of the system:
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```
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sh /lfs-final.sh | tee /lfs-final.log
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```
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# The end
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You can now create a new VM using the virtual hard disk with the LFS build. It will be bootable and fully functional. Enjoy!
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